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簡介
什麼是人道主義？ 人權的定義又是什麼？在2020年底，聯合國難民署統計在東南亞有多達100萬難民 (refugees)，約 50 萬國內流離失所者 (internally displaced persons) 以及超過 100 萬無國籍人士 (stateless persons)。對於難民，東南亞國家有什麼樣的保護機制？
本期的工作坊將通過一位普通公民的視角解答以上問題。講者會以個人經歷分享發起新加坡難民支援小組 Advocates For Refugees – Singapore (FB: fb.com/hello.afrsg / IG: instagram.com/_afrsg/)，以及她作為志願者，倡導者及盟友在人道主義領域的點點滴滴。
什麼是人道主義？什麼是人權？東南亞的流離失所狀況如何？有哪些保護機制？本次會議旨在透過新加坡難民倡導者組織 (AFR-SG) 的普通公民視角來回答這些問題。參加會議，了解她在新加坡發起這場運動的經歷，以及她作為被迫流離失所者的志工、倡議者和盟友在人道主義領域的旅程。
講者簡介
何淑芬
- 畢業於星南威爾士大學國際發展碩士班
- 2015年創辦了新加坡難民支援小組 (Advocates For Refugees – Singapore) 經營至今
- 任職與殘疾人士的相關工作，2020年當選為美國國務院东南亚青年领袖计划 (YSEALI) Professional Fellows Program，亞太難民權利網絡 Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network 擔任東南亞工作組副主席
共筆討論資料(點擊►看更多)：
人道主義
- 人道 Humanity （人的苦難無論在何處被發現，都必須予以解決）
- 公正 Impartiality（人道主義行動必須單純地建立在需求之上，不分國界，種族，社會性別、宗教信仰等）
- 獨立 Independent （人道主義行動必須保持獨立性 － 比如，無國界醫生是一个獨立的國際醫療人道救援組織，不受任何外界或政府操縱）
- 中立 Neutrality （在對立的情况下，人道工作者絕不能偏袒任何一方）
討論題目
- 2015年安達曼海域危機中，泰國政府以直升機派送的糧食及物資（但不使人入境泰國），最終難民由印尼亞齊漁夫獲救。對於這次事件，你的想法如何？（可從人道主義原則角度出發）
- 在台灣可以如何倡議難民法？下列角色可以做甚麼？會遇到甚麼挑戰？
- 志願者（志工）｜捐贈人 （捐款人）｜民間社會組織｜私營部門｜政府相關人員、政府部門｜大眾｜高等學府｜國際組織、他國政府
討論摘要
人道主義討論
- 人道主義有標準嗎？有做就行？一定要顧到方方面面？
- 是否有可能擁有亞洲整合Human Rights System（人權機制）？
- 類似機制的執行力效果，效果不佳是否因為缺少處罰機制？
- 人權是個「洋人、西方」的概念嗎？
- 東南亞國協的角色？
- 政府角度出發很難做到中立，能做的有限；要考量到和其他國家的關係
- 民間團體可以做到哪個層級的責任？
在台灣可以如何倡議難民法？下列角色可以做甚麼？會遇到甚麼挑戰？
先釐清為甚麼要難民法，再思考不同利害關係人
- 價值選擇，用哪一種論述思考價值？例如：人道、人權等不同角度
- 實務需求：制度建立的透明性以及可預測性
- 利他主義
為甚麼要接收難民？
- 人道考量
- 經濟考量（例如：新加坡也有多次討論，新加坡面臨勞動人口不足問題，難民能填補勞動人口不足的議題。）
- 共同分擔責任 （人道，人權角度）
各角色可以做甚麼？可能遇到的疑慮？
- 民間社會組織：邀請難民分享故事、融入電影電視劇、RPG角色扮演
- （高等）教育機構：難民議題相關的通識課程、校內社團、招募校園大使在校內負責進行推廣
- （加）媒體：難民相關報導，但不要過分聚焦在「他們很可憐」或只呈現最「吸引眼球」的面向
- 私營企業：國外分部能不能雇用難民？用新聞報導破除難民刻板印象
- 人才培訓：法官、律師培訓？對於工作權方面能夠影響國家政策
- 實務挑戰：語言隔閡
- 移工議題：和移工法規混淆
- 經濟因素：接收難民對國家負擔很大？加拿大Community Sponsorship Program，投資角度
與政府組織談判時
- 需調整用字遣詞，如「要求工作權」轉為「經濟能力增加」（
- 繼續與相關從事政府政策相關者對談
FB Event Page
Introduction
What is humanitarianism? What is the definition of human rights? At the end of 2020, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimated that there were as many as 1 million refugees, approximately 500,000 internally displaced persons, and more than 1 million stateless persons in Southeast Asia. What kind of protection mechanisms do Southeast Asian countries have for refugees?
This workshop will answer the above questions from the perspective of an ordinary citizen. The speaker will share her personal experience of launching Advocates For Refugees – Singapore (FB: fb.com/hello.afrsg / IG: instagram.com/_afrsg/ ), as well as her experiences as a volunteer, advocate and ally in the humanitarian field.
What is humanitarianism? What are human rights? How is the situation of displacement in South East Asia and what are some protection mechanisms in place? This session aims to answer these questions through the lens of an ordinary citizen from the ground up movement Advocates for Refugees – Singapore (AFR-SG). Join the session to hear about her experience of starting the movement in Singapore and her journey in the humanitarian sector as a volunteer, an advocate and ally to the forcibly displaced.
Speaker profile
Mathilda Ho
- Graduated from the Master of International Development program at the University of South Wales
- In 2015, he founded the Singapore Refugee Support Group (Advocates For Refugees – Singapore) and has been operating it to this day.
- Works related to people with disabilities. In 2020, he was elected to the U.S. Department of State’s Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI) Professional Fellows Program. The Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network serves as the Vice Chairman of the Southeast Asia Working Group.
Shared discussion materials (click ► to see more):
humanitarian
- Humanity (Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found)
- Impartiality (humanitarian actions must be based purely on needs, regardless of national boundaries, race, gender, religious beliefs, etc.)
- Independent (Humanitarian action must maintain independence – for example, Doctors Without Borders is an independent international medical humanitarian relief organization and is not subject to any outside or government control)
- Neutrality (in opposing situations, humanitarian workers must not take sides)
Discussion topic
- During the crisis in the Andaman Sea in 2015, the Thai government sent food and supplies by helicopter (but did not allow people to enter Thailand), and the refugees were eventually rescued by fishermen from Aceh, Indonesia. What do you think about this incident? (can start from the perspective of humanitarian principles)
- How can we advocate for refugee laws in Taiwan? What can the following characters do? What challenges will be encountered?
- Volunteers (volunteers) | Donors (donors) | Civil society organizations | Private sector | Government-related personnel, government departments | Public | Institutions of higher learning | International organizations, governments of other countries
Discussion summary
humanitarian discussion
- Are there standards for humanitarianism? Just do it? Must all aspects be taken into consideration?
- Is it possible to have an integrated Human Rights System in Asia?
- Regarding the execution effect of similar mechanisms, is the poor effect due to the lack of a penalty mechanism?
- Are human rights a "foreign, Western" concept?
- The role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations?
- It is difficult for the government to be neutral from the perspective of the government, and what it can do is limited; it must take into account its relations with other countries.
- What level of responsibility can civil society take?
How can we advocate for refugee laws in Taiwan? What can the following characters do? What challenges will be encountered?
First clarify why we need refugee law, and then think about the different stakeholders
- Value selection, which discourse should be used to think about value? For example: different perspectives such as humanitarianism and human rights
- Practical needs: transparency and predictability in system establishment
- altruism
Why accept refugees?
- Humanitarian considerations
- Economic considerations (for example: Singapore has also discussed many times that Singapore is facing a labor shortage problem and refugees can fill the gap.)
- Shared responsibility (humanitarian, human rights perspective)
What can each character do? Possible concerns?
- Civil society organizations: Invite refugees to share stories, integrate into movies and TV series, and RPG role-playing
- (Higher) educational institutions: General courses related to refugee issues, on-campus clubs, recruitment of campus ambassadors to be responsible for promotion within the school
- (Canada) Media: Refugee-related reports, but do not focus too much on “they are pitiful” or only present the most “eye-catching” aspects
- Private Business: Can Foreign Branches Hire Refugees? Use news reporting to break refugee stereotypes
- Talent training : training for judges and lawyers? Can influence national policy regarding the right to work
- Practical challenges : language barrier
- Migrant worker issue : confused with migrant worker regulations
- Economic factors : Is it a big burden on the country to accept refugees? Canadian Community Sponsorship Program, investment perspective
When negotiating with government organizations
- economic empowerment）
- Continue dialogue with relevant government policy stakeholders